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     KEYZINE: An e-zine for LEADERS:
   ABOUT THE PEOPLE PART OF BUSINESS
             Volume 15, June 2002
    Publisher: © Key Associates, LLC, 2002
           http://www.mkkey.com

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This Issue is on "Motivation"

Contents:

• What's Hot in Leadership
• Maintaining Yourself as a Leader
• Frequently Asked Questions from Leaders
• Educational Opportunities
• Useful Websites
• Articles/Publications

    
"Where there is no joy, there is no profit taken."
                                       -William Shakespeare

"People become motivated when you guide them
to the source of their power."
                  -Anita Roddick, CEO, The Body Shop

"What management needs to do to motivate people
is to stop demotivating them."
                                       -W. Edwards Deming

"Change...comes from the inside out.  It doesn't 
come from hacking at the leaves of attitude and
behavior with quick fix personality ethic techniques.
It comes from striking at the root--the fabric of our
thought, the fundamental essential paradigms, 
which give definition to our character."
                                       -Steven R. Covey

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WHAT'S HOT IN LEADERSHIP
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LOOKING TO FIX BROKEN SYSTEMS
RATHER THAN BLAMING PEOPLE.

VIEWING EMPLOYEES AS AUTHORS OF
THEIR OWN WORK.

ENHANCING POWER BY GIVING IT 
AWAY. 

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MAINTAINING YOURSELF AS A LEADER
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Check the key motivators for you.  Are they:

1. Material rewards
2. Power/Influence
3. Search for Meaning
4. Accomplishment/Delight in Learning
5. Creativity
6. Affiliation
7. Autonomy
8. Security/Fear
9. Status/Recognition
10. Other?

Allocate 25 points across these categories.
Then determine whether they are EXTRINSIC
(from without) or INTRINSIC (from within) 
motivators.  How can you release yourself 
from doing because you have to, and start doing 
for the sheer pleasure of it?  Therein is the 
true and lasting motivation.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
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What's the key to motivating people? 

By and large, people are naturally motivated, 
but it may not be to your aims.  Take a look at
what may be "demotivating" them and remove
those demotivators.  Then entreat them to align 
with you in a common purpose.  The key motivators
are intrinsic: e.g., the chance to do something
important, something of quality, that you do well, 
or that you can learn from, with a team you like, 
and with degrees of creative freedom.

What do you mean by "demotivators?"

1. Politics
2. Unclear expectations
3. Poorly designed work
4. Unfairness/Preferential treatment
5. Unnecessary rules
6. Constantly changing the program
7. Hypocrisy (not walking the talk) and dishonesty
8. Over-control
9. Being forced to do poor quality work
10. Fractured communication, particularly gossip
11. Fractured systems, e.g., delays, repeats, 
    multiple inspections, broken equipment
12. Internal competition and WE-THEYism, 

and more...

I have heard it said that "pay is not a motivator."
How can that be?

Dr. Deming and Dr. Alfie Kohn were both
advocates of this position.  After considerable
study, I believe they meant that we should pay
people as well as we can (generously and equitably),
to remove that as a survival consideration.  Then 
give them meaningful work to do.  Repeatedly,
in surveys, pay is way down the list in ranked 
motivators.

Don't rewards motivate people?

Yes and they're most effective for temporary 
behavioral compliance.  But the carrot can be
perceived as a stick; people will play it safe, 
hide mistakes and flaws; and learn to win at
the game.  Depending on a system of rewards
promotes status-quoism.  The test is: if you 
removed the reward, would they continue to
do it?  Or think--if you gave all your employees
a $10,000 raise tomorrow, would productivity 
improve significantly?

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EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
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http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/index.html 
- For a quick overview of theories and theorists re:
employee motivation.  Includes Elton Mayo's Hawthorne
experiments, Chris Argyris, McGregor's Theory X 
and Y, Hertzberg, and the self-fulfilling prophecy/
Pygmalion effect.

 http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm 
- an article originally published by Abraham Maslow in 1943.

http://www.hrpapers.com/ features 100 downloadable 
papers on HR issues such as human motivation.

http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/psy352.htm -
take a course designed by Cal State students on 
Motivation.

http://www.netwind.com/books/tapes/motv.html -
training videos and audio cassettes on motivation.

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OTHER USEFUL WEBSITES 
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http://www.themanager.org/Knowledgebase/HR/Motivation.htm
- a wonderful overview of motivation for managers.

http://www.motivation-tools.com/ - called a tool chest.
Some interesting thoughts about motivation and leadership.

http://trainingmedia.tripod.com/Motivational-Quotations.html
- Motivational quotes.

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ARTICLES/PUBLICATIONS                              
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Bennis, Warren. On Becoming a Leader. (Chapter 8). 
New York: Addison-Wesley, 1989.

Block, Peter. The Empowered Manager. 
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990

Block, Peter. Stewardship. San Francisco: 
Berrett-Koehler, 1993.

Bowditch, James L. & Buono, Anthony F. 
(Chapter 3: Motivation). A Primer on Organizational 
Behavior. New York; John Wiley, 1990.

Butler, Timothy & Waldrop, James. Job sculpting: 
The art of retaining your best people. Harvard Business 
Review, September-October, 1999, 144-152.

Byham, William C. Zapp: The Lightning of 
Empowerment. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 
1988.

Depree, Max. Leadership Jazz. New York: 
Doubleday Currency, 1992, 151-166.

Ferguson, Sherry D. & Ferguson, Stewart. 
Organization Communication. (Chapter 4). 
New Brunswick: Transaction, 1988.

Hertzberg, Frederick. One More Time: 
How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard 
Business Review, Sept. – Oct. 1987, 109-120.

Holpp, Lawrence. Applied Empowerment. 
Training, Feb. 1994, 31(2), 39-44.

Kaye, Beverly and Jordan-Evans, Sharon.
Love "Em or Lose "Em: Getting Good 
People to Stay.  Berrett-Koehler, 1999.

Kohn, Alfie. No Contest: The Case Against 
Competition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986.

Kohn, Alfie. Punished by Rewards: The 
Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, 
A’s, Praise and Other Bribes. New York: 
Houghton-Mifflin, 1993.

Kouzes, James M. & Posner, Barry Z. 
The Leadership Challenge. (Chapter 8). 
San Francisco Jossey-Bass, 1990.

Leebov, Wendy & Scott, Gail. Health Care 
Managers in Transition. (Chapters 4 & 8). 
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990.

Oakley, Ed. & Krug, Doug. Enlightened 
Leadership. Denver: Stonetree, 1991.

Phillips, Donald T. Lincoln on Leadership 
(Chapter 3). New York: Warner Books, 1992.

Richards, Dick. Artful Work: Awakening Joy, 
Meaning, and Commitment in the Workplace. 
San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1995.

Spitzer, Dean.  Supermotivation: A Blueprint
for Energizing Your Organization from Top
to Bottom.  AMACOM, 1995.

Spitzer, Dean. How to reduce the demotivators 
in your organization. The 1997 McGraw -Hill 
Team & Organization Development Sourcebook. 
Chicago: McGraw-Hill, 1997.